The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) completed Crew Module (CM)-Service Module (SM) separation tests for the Gaganyaan programme on 16 and 17 October 2026. Conducted at the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC) in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, the tests evaluated the separation system ahead of Gaganyaan’s first uncrewed mission, G1, targeted for launch in 2026.
Gaganyaan Orbital Module
The Gaganyaan Orbital Module comprises the Crew Module and the Service Module. The Crew Module is designed to carry astronauts, while the Service Module provides support functions, including power and propulsion. The two modules are integrated before launch and operate as a single unit through the mission’s on-orbit phase.
Before the Crew Module re-enters Earth’s atmosphere, it separates from the Service Module through a sequence involving pyrotechnic devices and jettisoning systems. Electrical and fluid services between the modules use umbilical connections, which must be disconnected during separation.
Purpose and scope of the tests
The tests simulated separation of the integrated modules and the severing of multiple electrical and fluid umbilical connections. ISRO used an instrumented test setup to assess the separation process and validate the design adequacy of the system.
The tests also assessed whether critical Crew Module subsystems could withstand separation shocks. These included avionics, inertial navigation systems, the Thermal Protection System in the aft and conical heat shields, and the Crew Module Deployable Umbilical Shield. Tested pyrotechnic devices were associated with the Crew Module Uprighting System and the Thermal and Humidity Control System.
G1 uncrewed mission
G1 is the first uncrewed Gaganyaan mission and is targeted for launch in 2026. Its objectives include validating spacecraft systems, life-support functions and recovery procedures. The separation tests assessed a key function required for the Crew Module’s return from space.
Important Facts for Exams
- The Gaganyaan Orbital Module consists of the Crew Module and the Service Module.
- The Crew Module is designed to carry astronauts and return through Earth’s atmosphere.
- Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre is located in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala.
- Umbilical connections provide electrical and fluid services between the Crew Module and the Service Module.
G1 is an uncrewed mission planned for 2026. The Crew Module separates from the Service Module before atmospheric re-entry.
